Monday, February 04, 2008

The Financial Statement Closing Tcodes

1. Maintain Financial Statement Versions
IMG -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger Accounting -> Business Transactions -> Closing -> Documenting -> Define Financial Statement Versions - OB58

2. Execute a Balance Sheet (RFBILA00)
Information Systems -> Accounting -> Financial Accounting -> General ledger -> Information System-> Balance Sheet

or

Accounting -> Financial accounting -> General ledger -> Information system -> General LedgerReports -> Balance Sheet/Profit and Loss Statement/Cash Flow -> General -> Actual/Actual Comparisons -> Balance Sheet/P+L - F.01

3. Execute a Balance Sheet Drill Down Report
Accounting -> Financial accounting -> General ledger -> Information system -> General LedgerReports -> Balance Sheet/Profit and Loss Statement/Cash Flow -> General - Various

4. Execute a Cost-of-Sales Profit and Loss Report
Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Special Purpose Ledger -> Tools -> Report Painter -> Report -> Display -> Library 0F1, Report 0F-GUV1 -> Display -> Execute - GRR3

Bank Reconciliation

1) The Bank reconciliation process is based on the entries passed through the Bank sub account and main account. The process is dependent on the Bank Statement received from the Bank that will be entered into SAP. Accounting rules are to be defined for each transaction type and posting rule for posting accounting entries as per bank statement. Bank statements to be uploaded into SAP.

2) Bank Main account balance is the actual balance as per the bank statement whereas the Bank sub accounts denote the reconciliation items. These sub accounts show those entries, which will flow from the sub account which are not cleared in the bank statement.

3) Adding or subtracting the Bank sub accounts will help in preparing the Bank reconciliation statement.

4) The following scenarios would explain the reconciliation process:
- Cheque received from customer
- Cheque issued to vendors
- Cheque received from Other than Customers
- Direct Debits in Bank Statement
- Direct Credits in Bank Statement
- Fund Transfer between Bank Accounts

Cheque Received From Customer

5) Accounting entry at the time of cheque deposit entry
Bank Cheque deposit account DebitCustomer Credit

6) Accounting entry after cheque has been cleared in the Bank statement Main Bank accountDebit Bank

Cheque deposit account Credit

7) The clearing criteria for updating the bank main account and bank sub account will be amount and document number which will be captured in the allocation field of the bank sub account. The items, which have not been cleared in the bank statement, will remain open in the bank sub account and will form part of the bank reconciliation statement.
Cheque Issued To Vendors

8) Accounting entry at the time of cheque issue
Vendor account DebitBank cheque payment account Credit

9) Accounting entry after cheque has been presented in the Bank
Bank cheque payment account DebitMain Bank account Credit

10) The clearing criteria used for updating vendor account and Bank cheque payment account will be amount and cheque number. The cheques presented to the bank and are cleared are transferred to the bank main account. The remaining cheque issued will form part of the bank reconciliation statement.

Direct Debit In Bank

11) Direct debit instructions will be given to the bank for example, LC payments or certain bank charges are directly debited in the Bank Statement. In this case accounting entry is passed only after the entry is passed in the bank statement.
Vendor / Expense Account Debit
Bank clearing account Credit

Direct Credit In Bank

12) Customer receipts are sometimes directly credited in Bank. E.g. export receipts. In this scenario accounting entry is passed only at the time of bank statement entry. The following accounting entry is passed
Bank clearing account DebitCustomer account Credit
Main Bank A/c Debit
Bank Clearing A/c Credit

Bank Fixed Deposits

13) HZL has a practice of converting any amount above Rs. 1 crore in its Main bank account, to a fixed deposit subject to a minimum of Rs. 1.01 crores. The FDR number can be filled in one of the fields available in the accounting document.

Cheque Management / Cheque Printing Cum Advice

14) The function of cheque management will enable printing of cheque through SAP. Cheque series will be defined for a combination of a Company code and Bank Account. Cheque numbering will be sequential order.

15) Cheque series for automatic payment has to be in sequential order. Cheque printing facility will be available for the bank account.

Cash Management / Liquidity Analysis


16) The day-to-day treasury process in a company includes a number of transactions. This includes determining the current liquidity using bank account balances (cash position), determining open receivables and liabilities (liquidity forecast), manually entering planned cash flows (payment advice notes), through to clearing bank accounts, that is, collecting multiple bank account balances on one target account.

17) The main objective is to ensure liquidity for all due payment obligations. It is also important to control and monitor effectively the incoming and outgoing cash flows.

18) This section shows you the overall liquidity status of your company by displaying together the cash position and the liquidity forecast. The cash position is used in Cash Management to show the value-date-dependent bank accounts and bank clearing accounts, as well as the planned cash flows (payment advice notes). The liquidity forecast comprises the incoming and outgoing cash flows, as well as the planned items on the sub-ledger accounts.

Assets and Liabilities Closing Tcodes

1. Process Depreciation Run Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Fixed assets -> Periodic processing -> Depreciation run -> Execute - AFAB

2. Process Investment Grant Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Fixed assets -> Periodic processing -> Investment grant- AR11

3. Process Revaluation Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Fixed assets -> Periodic processing -> Revaluation for the balance sheet -> Post revaluation - AR29

4. AA Fiscal Year Change Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Fixed assets -> Periodic processing -> Fiscal year change - AJRW

5. AA Fiscal Year Close – Account Reconciliation Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Fixed assets -> Periodic processing -> Year-end closing -> Account reconciliation - ABST2

6. AA Fiscal Year Close Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Fixed assets -> Periodic processing -> Year-end closing -> Execute - AJAB

7. Produce Asset History Sheet Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Fixed assets -> Info system -> Reports on Asset Accounting -> Balance Sheet Explanations -> International -> Asset History Sheet

or

Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Fixed assets -> Info system -> Reports on Asset Accounting -> Balance Sheet Explanations -> Country Specifics - various

8. Produce GR/IR Balance Report Logistics -> Materials Management -> Inventory Management -> Environment -> Balances Display -> List of GR/IR Bals. - MB5S

9. Maintain GR/IR Clearing Account Logistics -> Materials Management -> Invoice Verification -> Invoice Verification -> Further processing -> Maintain GR/IR acct - MR11

10. Material Revaluations – Price Changes (manual) Logistics -> Materials Management -> Valuation -> Valuation -> Price Determination -> Change price - MR21

11. Material Revaluations – Debit/Credit Material Logistics -> Materials Management -> Valuation -> Valuation -> Price Determination -> Debit/cred. material - MR22

12. Product Costing Material Price Change Accounting -> Controlling -> Product Cost Controlling -> Product Cost Planning -> Material Costing -> Price Update - CK24

13. Material Ledger Closing Logistics -> Materials Management -> Valuation -> Actual Costing/Material Ledger -> Periodic material valuation -> Post closing - CKMI

14. Materials Management Closing Logistics -> Materials Management -> Material Master -> Other -> Close period - MMPV

15. Materials Management Closing – Control Posting to Prior Period Logistics -> Materials Management -> Material Master -> Other -> Allow posting to previous period - MMRV

16. Lowest Value Determination – Market Prices Logistics -> Materials Management -> Valuation -> Valuation -> Bal. sheet valuation -> Determ. lowest values -> Market prices - MRN0

17. Lowest Value Determination – Range of Coverage Logistics -> Materials Management -> Valuation -> Valuation -> Bal. sheet valuation -> Determ. lowest values -> Range of coverage - MRN1

18. Lowest Value Determination – Movement Rate Logistics -> Materials Management -> Valuation -> Valuation -> Bal. sheet valuation -> Determ. lowest values -> Movement rate - MRN2

19. Lowest Value Determination – Loss-Free Valuation Logistics -> Materials Management -> Valuation -> Valuation -> Bal. sheet valuation -> Determ. lowest values -> Loss-free valuation - MRN3

20. LIFO Valuation Logistics -> Materials Management -> Valuation -> Valuation -> Bal. sheet valuation -> LIFO Valuation - Various

21. FIFO Valuation Logistics -> Materials Management -> Valuation -> Valuation -> Bal. sheet valuation -> FIFO Valuation - Various

22. Physical Inventory Processing Logistics -> Materials Management -> Physical Inventory - Various

23. Analyze GR/IR Clearing Accounts and Display Acquisition Tax Accounting -> Financial accounting -> General ledger -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Regroup -> GR/IR clearing -
F.19

24. Define Adjustment Accounts for GR/IR Clearing IMG -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger Accounting -> Business Transactions -> Closing -> Regrouping -> Define Adjustment Accounts for GR/IR Clearing - OBYP

25. Print Balance Confirmation Accounting -> Financial accounting -> A/P or A/R -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Check/count -> Balance confirmation: Print

or

Accounting -> Financial accounting -> A/P or A/R -> Periodic processing -> Print correspondence -> Balance confirmation -> Print letters - F.17

26. Configure Balance Confirmation Accounting -> Financial accounting -> A/P or A/R -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Check/count ->…

or

Accounting -> Financial accounting -> A/P or A/R -> Periodic processing -> Print correspondence -> Balance confirmation - F.1B, F.1A

27. Post Individual Value Adjustment Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Accounts receivable -> Document entry -> Other -> Intern. trans. posting -> Without clearing - F-21

28. Define Account Determination for Flat-Rate Individual Value Adjustment IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable -> Business Transactions -> Closing -> Valuate -> Valuations -> Define Accounts OBB0

29. Configure Flat-Rate Individual Value Adjustment IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable -> Business Transactions -> Closing -> Valuate -> Valuations ->… SPRO

30. Calculate Flat-Rate Individual Value Adjustment Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Accounts receivable -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Valuate -> Further valuations - F107

31. Writing-Off Doubtful Receivables Accounting -> Financial accounting -> Accounts receivable -> Document entry -> Other -> Intern. trans. psting -> With clearing - F-30

32. Customizing Exchange Rates IMG -> General Settings -> Currencies - Various

33. Maintaining Exchange Rates Accounting -> Financial accounting -> General ledger -> Environment -> Current settings -> Enter exchange rates - OB08

34. Customizing Valuation Methods IMG -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger Accounting
-> Business Transactions -> Closing -> Valuating -> Foreign Currency Valuation -> Define Valuation Methods - OB59

35. Foreign Currency Open Item Valuation Accounting -> Financial accounting -> General ledger -> Periodic processing -> Closing>>Valuate -> Valuation of Open Items in Foreign Currency - F.05

36. Account Determination for Exchange Rate Differences IMG -> Financial Accounting -> General Ledger Accounting -> Business Transactions -> Closing -> Valuating -> Foreign Currency Valuation -> Prepare automatic postings for foreign currencyvaluation - OBA1

37. Regroup Receivables and Payables Accounting -> Financial accounting -> A/P or A/R -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Regroup -> Receivables/ Payables - F101

38. Account Determination for Regrouping Receivables and Payables IMG -> Financial Accounting -> Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable -> Business Transactions -> Closing -> Regrouping - OBBV, OBBW, OBBX

39. Revalue Foreign Currency G/L Account Balances Accounting -> Financial accounting -> General ledger -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Valuate -> Foreign Currency Valuation of Inventory - F.06

40. Posting Accruals/Deferrals Accounting -> Financial accounting -> General ledger -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Valuate -> Enter Accrual/Deferral Doc. - FBS1

41. Posting Accrual/Deferral Reversal Accounting -> Financial accounting -> General ledger -> Periodic processing -> Closing -> Valuate -> Reverse Accrual/Deferral Document - F.81

42. Generate Recurring Entry Posting Accounting -> Financial accounting -> General ledger -> Periodic processing -> Recurring Entries -> Execute - F.14

Thursday, October 11, 2007

Process Flow of FI with MM

Step 1 Generating purchase requisition( PP-MM involved)
Step 2 Making inquiries (MM)
Step 3 Raising purchase order (MM)
Step 4 Release of purchase order ( MM)
Step 5 Goods received from vendor ( MM and FI )

Entry will be

Raw Material Inventory a/c Dr.
GR/IR clearing a/c Cr.

Step 6 Invoice verification and quality assurance (FI and MM)
Entry will be

GR/IR clearing a/c Dr
Vendor a/c Cr

Step 7 Goods issued for consumption(MM, FI and PP)
Entry will be

Raw material consumption a/c Dr
Raw material inventory account Cr

Step 8 Production receipt( FI, MM & PP)
Entry will be

Finished goods inventory a/c Dr
Change in stock Cr

Step 9 Finished goods delivered to customer(MM, SD & FI)
Entry will be

Change in stock Dr
Finished goods inventory a/c Cr

Step 10 Raising invoice on customers( SD & FI)

Customers a/c Dr
Sales a/c Cr

Inventory Accounting Entries

All the Inventory transactions will look for the valuation class and the corresponding G.L. Accounts and post the values in the G.L accounts.
For Example: During Goods Receipt

Stock Account - Dr
G/R I/R Account - Cr
Freight Clearing account - Cr
Other expenses payable - Cr

During Invoice Verification

G/R I/R Account - Dr
Vendor - Cr

When the Goods are issued to the Production Order the following transactions takes place:

Consumption of Raw Materials - Dr
Stock A/c - Cr

When the Goods are received from the Production Order the following transactions takes place:

Inventory A/c - Dr
Cost of Goods Produced - Cr
Price difference - Dr/Cr (depending on the difference between standard cost and actual cost)

When the Goods are dispatched to customer through delivery the following transactions takes place:

Cost of Goods Sold - Dr
Inventory A/c - Cr

When the Goods are issued to a Cost Center or charged off against expenses the following transactions takes place:

Repairs and Maintenance - Dr
Inventory A/c - Cr

When the Goods are stock transferred from one plant to another, the following transactions takes place:

Stock A/c - Dr (Receiving location)
Stock A/c - Cr (Sending location)
Price difference - Dr/Cr (due to any difference between the standard costs between the two locations)

When the stocks are revalued, the following transactions takes place:

Stock A/c - Dr/Cr
Inventory Revaluation A/c - Cr / Dr

When the Work in Progress is calculated the following transaction takes place:

Work in Progress A/c - Dr
Change WIP A/c - Cr

Physical verification /shortages and excesses : Shortages/excesses on authorizations shall be adjusted using the physical inventory count transaction.

VENDOR INVOICE VERIFICATION

The detail process related to invoice verification is documented in Materials Management Document.

On receipt of vendor bill the following entry will be passed:

GR/IR Account DR
Freight Clearing Account DR
Cenvat Clearing Account DR
Vendor Account CR

Invoice Verification for Foreign Vendor On receipt of vendor bill the following entry will be passed:

GR/IR Account DR
Vendor Account CR

Invoice Verification for Custom vendor On receipt of Vendor bill the following entry will be passed:

1) RG 23A/RG 23C Part 2 A/c (CVD) A/c DR
Cenvat Clearing A/c CR

2) G/R I/R A/c DR
Cenvat Clearing A/c DR
Vendor A/c CR

3) Cost of Material A/c DR
Vendor A/c (Customs) CR
Invoice Verification for Freight / Clearing Agent Cost of Material A/c DR
Vendor A/c (Clearing Agent) CR
Invoice Verification for Octroi Expenses Cost of Material DR
Vendor A/c (Octroi) CR


TDS (Work Contract Tax) for Service Orders shall be calculated and deducted accordingly.
The following entry will be passed on bill passing:

Expenses Account DR
Vendor Account CR
TDS Account CR

The material shall be returned to the vendor using the Return to vendor movement type in SAP Creating a Return PO These transactions will be processed in the MM module.
The accounting entries will be :

Returns after GRN GR/IR A/c Dr
Stock A/c Cr

The accounting in respect of debit / credit memos for FI vendors, the process will be similar to that of invoice processing.
The accounting entries will be:
On issue of debit note

Vendor Account DR
Expenses Account CR I

n respect of import vendor - capital goods exchange differences are to be accounted manually through a Journal Voucher for capitalization. Exchange rate differences will be accounted at HO. An example of the accounting entry in this case shall be:

Invoice entry @ 40 INR: 1 USD
Asset / Expense A/c DR 100
Vendor A/c CR 100
Payment Entry @ 41 INR: 1 USD
Vendor A/c DR 100
Bank A/c CR 110
Exchange rate loss Capital A/c DR 10
Asset A/c DR 10
Exchange rate loss Capital A/c CR 10

A new G/L account shall be created for the special G/L transactions.
The accounting entry for making the down payment shall be:

Advance to supplier account Debit
Bank A/c Credit

When the invoice is booked the following entry is passed

GR/IR account Debit
Vendor account Credit Clearing of Invoice against Down Payment
Vendor A/c Debit
Vendor down payment account Credit

Wherever, TDS is applicable, the TDS will be deducted at the time of down-payment to the vendor. Down Payment for Capital (tangible) Assets Down payment to vendors for capital acquisitions is to be reported separately in the Balance Sheet under the head Capital Work in Progress. Hence down payment for capital goods would be tracked through a separate special general ledger indicator.

The procedure to be followed is:
Definition of alternative reconciliation accounts for Accounts Payable for posting down payments made for Capital assets Clearing the down payment in Accounts Payable with the closing invoice.

A new G/L account shall be created for the special G/L transactions.
The accounting entry for making the down payment shall be:

Vendor Advance for Capital Goods Account Debit
Bank A/c Credit

When the invoice is booked the following entry is passed
Asset A/c / Asset WIP Debit Vendor A/c Credit
Clearing of Invoice against Down Payment Vendor A/c Debit
Vendor Advance for Capital Goods Account Credit

The Following are the TDS Rates (to be confirmed with the recent changes) Particulars

Tax Rate Surcharge Rate Total Contractors – 194 C 2% 5% 2.10%
Advertising – 194 C 1% 5% 1.05%
Prof. Fees – 194 J 5% 5% 5.25%
Rent – Others – 194 I 15% 5% 15.75%
Rent – Company – 194 I 20% 5% 21%
Commission – 194H 5% 5% 5.25%
Interest - Others – 194 A 10% 5% 10.50%
Interest – Company – 194 A 20% 5% 21%
Special Concessional Tax Works Contract Tax

SECURITY DEPOSITS /EARNEST MONEY DEPOSIT RECEIVED FROM VENDORS

Bank A/c DR
Security Deposit Vendor CR

EMD to give the age so as to enable the same to be transferred to unclaimed EMD account.


PAYMENT OF TOUR ADVANCE DOMESTIC TOURS
Employee Advances will be paid by the Accounts Department unit wise based on the requisition or recommendation of the respective departmental head.

Employee Travel Advance A/c DR
Cash / Bank Account CR

MIGO N MIRO

MIGO - Goods Receipt You have to create a GL account With AUTOMATIC posting. (i.e. GR/IR a/c).
Assign this a/c to Transaction type WRX (i.e. GR/IR Clearing a/c) in TC OBYC. It is pertaining to the MM module. Whenever the product received into our factory/Plant, we have to prepare goods receipt.

For preparing MIGO, the following are required:
1. Company Code
2. Plant
3. Purchase Organization & Purchase Order
4. Storage Location
5. Storage Bin
6. Vendor
7. Material etc.

MIGO entry will be as under:
Inventory Account - Dr.
GR/IR account - Cr.
Purchase account - Dr.
Purchase Offset - Cr.


MIRO - Payment for the Invoice This pertaining to FI Module. For this you have to enter the Purchase Order or Service entry sheet No. for the required entry. After entering purchase order, it will populate all the goods receipt pertaining to the purchase order. You have to select the particular entry for that you are going to make the payment. Take the appropriate tax code and check the difference is 0, simulate and save. You have to create a GL account (i.e. Inventory RM a/c). Assign this a/c to Transaction type BSX (i.e. Inventory Posting a/c) in TC OBYC.
All other settings will be done by MM Consultant.

MIRO Entry will be:

Vendor account - cr.
GR/IR account - Dr.
Cenvat account - Dr.